How to Speed Up Your Home Loan Approval

Getting home loan approval can sometimes take longer than expected, but there are ways to make the process smoother and faster. Lenders evaluate several factors, including your credit score, income stability, and loan application details, to determine your eligibility. By preparing in advance and following the right steps, you can avoid unnecessary delays and get approved sooner.

Whether you’re a first-time buyer or refinancing, this guide will help you speed up your mortgage approval with practical tips.

Understanding the Home Loan Approval Process

The home loan approval process involves multiple steps, and understanding how lenders evaluate your mortgage application can help you prepare in advance. Banks and mortgage lenders assess various factors, including your credit score, income, debt-to-income ratio, and down payment amount.

Typically, the approval process includes:

• Loan Pre-Approval: Lenders review your financial background and provide a conditional approval.
• Formal Application Submission: You submit all necessary documents, including proof of income, ID verification, and bank statements.
• Credit and Financial Assessment: The lender evaluates your credit history, outstanding debts, and repayment ability.
• Property Valuation: If required, the lender assesses the property’s value to determine loan eligibility.
• Final Approval and Loan Settlement: If all conditions are met, the lender formally approves the loan, and funds are disbursed.

Knowing these steps can help you avoid unnecessary delays and speed up the approval process.

Steps to Get Your Home Loan Approved Faster

If you want to speed up your home loan approval, taking proactive steps can make a big difference. Lenders look for applicants who are financially prepared and meet all requirements without delays. Below are key actions that can help you get approved faster.

Get Pre-Approval for Faster Processing

A loan pre-approval gives you an estimate of how much you can borrow and shows sellers you’re a serious buyer. It also speeds up the formal approval stage since lenders have already reviewed your financial details.

• Contact a mortgage broker or lender early to start the pre-approval process.
• Ensure your credit score and financial records are in good shape before applying.

Minimise Debt and Reduce Expenses

Lenders check your debt-to-income ratio to assess if you can handle additional loan payments. Lowering your debts improves your chances of formal approval.

•  Pay off outstanding loans and credit card balances where possible.
•  Avoid taking on new debts before submitting your loan application.

Improve Your Credit Score Before Applying

Your credit score is one of the most important factors in a mortgage loan approval. A higher score can lead to quicker approval and better interest rates.

• Pay all bills on time and clear overdue debts.
• Check your credit report for errors and dispute any inaccuracies.

Establish a Strong Savings and Repayment History

Lenders prefer borrowers with a proven track record of managing finances well. Having consistent savings and regular debt repayments builds trust with mortgage lenders.

• Maintain a solid history of rent or mortgage payments.
• Keep savings aside for your down payment and other loan-related costs.

Avoid Making Too Many Loan Applications

Applying for multiple mortgage loans at once can negatively impact your credit score and signal financial instability to lenders.

• Research and choose the best home loan option before applying.
• Avoid applying with multiple lenders within a short time.

Organise and Submit All Required Documents

Missing documents are a common reason for delays in the loan approval process. Ensure you provide all necessary paperwork upfront.

• Gather payslips, tax returns, bank statements, and proof of employment.
• Have your loan calculators ready to estimate your borrowing capacity.

Declare All Liabilities to Avoid Delays

Failing to disclose existing debts can slow down your mortgage application or even result in rejection. Transparency is key to a smooth approval process.

• Declare credit cards, car loans, personal loans, and any other financial obligations.
• Provide accurate information to prevent unnecessary back-and-forth with lenders.

Choose the Right Mortgage Broker or Lender

Working with an experienced mortgage broker can help streamline your home loan process. Brokers guide you through lender requirements and match you with the best options.

• Compare different lenders and loan terms.
• Seek professional guidance from mortgage brokers to improve approval chances.

Use Loan Calculators to Understand Your Eligibility

Online loan calculators can help you estimate loan repayments, compare interest rates, and assess affordability before applying.

• Use home loan calculators to set realistic expectations.
• Check if you meet lender criteria before submitting your application.

Ensure a Stable Employment History

Lenders prefer applicants with consistent employment and income stability. A strong job record increases your home loan approval chances.

• Avoid changing jobs during the loan approval process.
• Show steady income through payslips and tax returns.

Be Open and Honest About Your Financial Situation

Honesty and transparency with lenders help prevent unnecessary delays and improve your credibility.

• Provide clear and accurate information in your loan application.
• Respond to lender requests promptly to keep the approval process on track.

Additional Tips for Faster Approval

Beyond the essential steps, a few extra strategies can help accelerate your home loan approval process. These small but effective actions can make a big difference when dealing with mortgage lenders.

Save for a Higher Down Payment

A larger down payment reduces the lender’s risk and can speed up approval. Some lenders may even waive certain requirements for borrowers with a high deposit.

• Aim for at least 20% of the property price to avoid Lenders Mortgage Insurance (LMI).
• Increase your savings to show financial stability.

Reduce Your Debt-to-Income Ratio

Lenders compare your income to existing debts before approving a mortgage loan. A lower debt-to-income ratio improves approval chances.

• Pay off credit cards and personal loans before applying.
• Avoid making large purchases on credit.

Anticipate Requests for Additional Information

Sometimes lenders request extra documents or clarifications before granting formal approval. Being proactive can save time.

• Keep your financial records up to date.
• Respond quickly to lender requests to prevent delays.

Have Your Budget Ready for Quick Assessment

A well-documented budget reassures lenders of your ability to manage loan repayments.

• Use loan calculators to estimate monthly expenses.
• Plan for additional costs like stamp duty, legal fees, and property inspections.

Consulting a Mortgage Professional for a Smoother Process

Navigating the home loan approval process can be overwhelming, especially with varying lender requirements and financial assessments. A mortgage broker can help simplify the journey by guiding you through your options and ensuring you meet all lender criteria.

How a Mortgage Broker Can Help

Working with a mortgage broker gives you access to a wider range of lenders and home loan products, helping you secure the best deal.

• Compare different lenders and interest rates to find the most suitable option.
• Get assistance in preparing and submitting your mortgage application correctly to avoid delays.
• Receive expert advice on improving your credit score and financial profile.

When to Seek Expert Guidance

If you face challenges like a low credit score, inconsistent income, or complex financial history, consulting a mortgage broker can increase your chances of approval.

• If you’ve been rejected by a lender, a broker can help find alternative solutions.
• If you’re unsure about loan terms, a broker can break down the details for you.
• If you want to refinance mortgages, they can help secure better terms.

Get Personalised Home Loan Assistance Today!
Finding the right home loan can be tricky, but you don’t have to do it alone. Front Row Financial connects you with experienced mortgage brokers who can fast-track your loan approval.

Talk to an expert today and take the next step toward your dream home!

Get Your Home Loan Approved Without the Stress

Waiting for home loan approval can feel overwhelming, but it doesn’t have to be. A little preparation—like improving your credit score, reducing debt, and choosing the right mortgage lender—can make the process much smoother.

Taking simple steps, such as getting pre-approved, organising your paperwork, and working with an experienced mortgage broker, can help you move forward faster and with confidence.

Let’s Make Your Home Loan Approval Easy!
No more waiting and wondering—Front Row Financial can help you fast-track your approval.

Talk to a mortgage expert today and take the next step toward your new home!

FAQs: 

Q1: How long does home loan approval usually take?

The home loan approval process can take anywhere from a few days to several weeks. Factors like your credit score, loan application completeness, and lender requirements influence the timeline. Working with a mortgage broker and organising documents in advance can help speed things up.

Q2: What can cause delays in my home loan approval?

Common reasons for delays include:

• Missing or incomplete documents
• A low credit score or outstanding debts
•  Unstable employment history
• Applying for multiple mortgage loans at the same time
• Property valuation issues

Q3: How can I improve my chances of quick loan approval?

To get home loan approval faster:

• Pay off debts and improve your credit score
• Save for a higher down payment
• Organise all necessary paperwork before applying
• Work with a trusted mortgage lender or broker

Q4: Does pre-approval guarantee loan approval?

No, loan pre-approval is not a final approval, but it does increase your chances of success. It shows lenders that you’re financially capable, but they still need to assess factors like the property valuation and your final financial position.

What Do You Need for a Business Loan? A Checklist for Business Owners

Starting or growing a business can be exciting but challenging. One of the biggest challenges is securing the money you need to get things moving. That’s where business loans come into play. But before you apply, you need to know what’s required to increase your chances of approval. Let’s break it down step by step in simple terms.

Why Is a Business Loan Important?

Every business, big or small, needs money to operate. You might need a loan to:

• Buy equipment or tools.
• Rent or purchase a space.
• Hire staff.
• Cover unexpected costs.
• Expand your services.

A business loan helps cover these expenses, giving you room to focus on growing your business. But getting a loan isn’t just about asking for money. You need to prove that you can handle the loan responsibly.

The Essential Business Loan Checklist

Here’s a simple checklist to help you prepare.

1. A Solid Business Plan

A business plan is like your roadmap. It shows the lender that you have a clear vision and a strategy for success.

Your business plan should include:

• What your business does: Explain your products or services.
• Your target customers: Who will buy your product?
• Financial goals: How much money do you expect to make?
• How you’ll use the loan: Be specific about where the money will go.

2. Your Credit Score

Your credit score shows how reliable you are when it comes to paying back debts. A good credit score increases your chances of approval.

Quick tips to check your credit score:

• Look for free credit score services online.
• Correct any errors in your credit report.
• Pay off small debts to improve your score.

3. Business Financial Records

Lenders will want to see how your business is doing financially. This includes:

• Profit and loss statements: How much you earn versus spend.
• Tax returns: Your business tax filings from the last 1–2 years.
• Cash flow statement: How money comes in and goes out of your business.

These records help lenders see if you can pay back the loan.

4. Legal Documents

Have the right legal documents ready, such as:

• Business licenses and permits: To prove your business is legitimate.
• Articles of incorporation: For companies.
• Partnership agreements: If you have business partners.

5. Personal and Business Identification

Lenders need to confirm your identity. Keep these documents ready:

• Your ID: Passport, driver’s license, or any government-issued ID.
• Your business registration: Shows that your business is officially recognized.

6. Collateral or Security

Sometimes, lenders want extra assurance. You offer collateral as a guarantee, like property, equipment, or savings. If you don’t repay the loan, the lender can claim the collateral.

If you don’t have collateral, some loans may still be available, but they often come with higher interest rates.

Pro Tips for a Smooth Loan Application

• Be prepared: Have all your documents in one place. This saves time and shows professionalism.
• Do your research: Look at different lenders and compare their terms. Some may offer better interest rates or repayment options.
• Be honest: Don’t hide anything about your finances. Lenders appreciate transparency.
• Ask for help: If you’re unsure, a financial advisor can guide you.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

• Skipping the details: Incomplete applications can lead to rejection. Double-check your forms.
• Borrowing too much: Only ask for what you truly need.
• Ignoring your credit score: Check your score before applying to avoid surprises.
• Not reading the fine print: Understand all terms, including interest rates and penalties.

Ready to Apply for a Business Loan? Start with Our Checklist!

Securing a business loan doesn’t have to be complicated. With our comprehensive checklist, you’ll be prepared with all the essential documents and tips to streamline your application. 

Let Front Row Financial Management guide you toward success, start your loan application today!

FAQs

How long does it take to get approved for a business loan?

Approval times vary, but it usually takes a few days to a few weeks, depending on the lender.

Can I get a loan with bad credit?

Yes, but it might be harder, and you may need to pay higher interest rates or provide collateral.

Do I need a business loan if my business is already making money?

It depends on your goals. Loans can help with growth, emergencies, or new opportunities.

What happens if I can’t repay the loan?

If you can’t repay, the lender may claim your collateral or take legal action. Always borrow responsibly.

How Long Does Home Loan Approval Take? Key Factors and Timelines

Applying for a home loan can feel exciting but also a bit confusing, especially when you don’t know how long the process will take. 

Getting your loan approved isn’t instant, it goes through several steps before you get the final “yes” from the lender.

In this blog, we’ll talk about the different stages of home loan approval, the factors that affect the timeline, and some tips to make the process faster and easier.

How Does the Home Loan Approval Process Work?

A home loan approval doesn’t happen in one step. It’s divided into different stages, and each stage takes some time. Let’s look at them one by one.

Pre-Approval 

This is the first step where the lender checks if you’re eligible for a loan. Pre-approval is not the final decision but helps you know how much you can borrow.

What happens during this stage?

You submit some basic documents like income proof, bank statements, and ID proof. The lender checks your credit score and financial history.

Quick Tip

Keep all your documents ready and make sure your credit score is good. This helps to get pre-approval faster.

Application Review

Once you complete the formal application, the lender reviews all your documents. They want to make sure everything is correct and that you can repay the loan.

What lenders check during this stage

Your income stability

Is your income regular enough to handle the loan payments?

Debt-to-income ratio (DTI)

Are you already paying too much debt compared to your income?

Property details

If you’ve chosen a house, the lender will arrange for a property valuation to ensure it matches the loan amount.

Conditional Approval

Conditional approval means the lender is almost ready to give you the loan but needs a few more things. This could include:

Submitting extra documents.

Getting the property inspected or appraised. Once you provide everything, the lender moves to the next step.

Final Approval and Settlement

This is the last stage of the process. The lender gives you the final approval and sends you the loan documents to sign. After you sign, the loan amount is ready for the settlement of the property.

Final steps include

Signing the loan agreement. Completing the property settlement process with your lawyer or conveyancer. What Can Affect the Approval Timeline?

How to Complete Your Application Is

Missing documents or incorrect information are the biggest reasons for delays. Double-check everything before you submit your application.

Your Financial Condition

A good credit score and a low DTI ratio help you get approval faster. If there are issues in your financial history, the lender might take more time to review your case.

The Lender’s Speed

Different lenders have different timelines. Some are quick, while others take longer depending on their internal process and workload.

Property-Related Delays

If the property you want to buy needs an inspection or valuation, that process can also add a few extra days to the timeline.

How to Speed Up Your Home Loan Approval

Keep all documents ready

Be prepared with your income proofs, tax returns, and details of any other loans you have.

Improve your credit score

Check your credit report and fix any errors. A good score makes a big difference. Respond quickly to the lender: If they ask for more information, don’t delay in providing it.

Work with a mortgage broker

Brokers like Front Row Financial Management can help you find the right lender and guide you through the process.

How Long Does It Usually Take?

Here’s an average timeline for the home loan approval process:

Stage	Times it Takes
Pre-Approval	1–5 Days
Application Review	7–14 Days
Conditional Approval	1–3 Days
Final Approval & Settlement	1–2 Weeks

FAQs About Home Loan Approval

Can I make the process faster?

Yes! Be organized, have all your documents ready, and work with a mortgage broker to avoid delays.

Why does it take longer sometimes?

Delays happen because of missing documents, low credit scores, or the lender’s internal processes.

Does pre-approval guarantee a loan?

No, pre-approval just shows that you’re eligible. Final approval depends on things like property valuation and meeting all the lender’s conditions.

Ready to Start Your Home Loan Journey?

The time it takes to get a home loan approval depends on many factors, but being prepared can make a huge difference. If you organize your documents, keep your financial records in order, and choose a reliable lender, the process can go much smoother.

Front Row Financial Management is here to guide you through every step. Whether you’re just starting or ready to apply, we can help make your dream home a reality. Would you like to learn more? Contact us today!

Starting or growing a business can be an exciting journey, but it often requires capital. If you’re a business owner in Brisbane, applying for a business loan can be one of the best ways to get the funds you need. However, first-time applicants can find the process overwhelming.

Here’s a simple guide on how to navigate getting a business loan with the help of a business loan broker in Brisbane.

Understand Your Financial Situation

Before applying for a business loan, take a good look at your financials. This includes reviewing your credit history, your business’s revenue, and any outstanding debts. 

Banks and lenders want to see that you’re financially responsible and able to repay the loan. If you’re unsure about your credit history or financial status, you might want to contact a business loan broker in Brisbane. 

They can help you evaluate your situation and understand the types of loans that might be available to you.

Choose the Right Type of Loan

Business Loans

Banks or financial institutions offer traditional loans.

Commercial Loans

Loans designed for larger businesses or those looking to invest in commercial property.

Real Estate Loans

These are loans used to finance real estate purchases, whether for business premises or investment.

Home Loans

In some cases, business owners may use home loans to fund their businesses, but this comes with its own set of risks.

Know What Lenders Look For

When applying for a business loan, lenders will assess your financial history, business performance, and future potential. 

Credit History

Your personal and business credit scores will play a role in the interest rates you are offered.

Cash Flow

Lenders want to see that your business has a steady stream of income and can repay the loan.

Collateral

Some loans, especially commercial loans or real estate loans, may require collateral such as business assets or property.

Working with a commercial finance broker can make this process easier. They have experience working with lenders and can help you understand what documentation and financials are required.

Compare Interest Rates

Interest rates are one of the most important factors to consider when taking out a loan. Even a slight difference in interest rates can have a big impact on the total amount you’ll repay. Brisbane finance brokers can help you compare interest rates from different lenders, ensuring you get the most competitive deal. 

They can also explain any fees associated with the loan so you know exactly what you’re signing up for.

Prepare Your Documentation

Once you’ve decided on the type of loan and lender, it’s time to prepare your documents. Lenders will require:

• Business financial statements (income statement, balance sheet, etc.)
• Tax returns
• Proof of collateral (if applicable)
• A business plan or project proposal

Apply for the Loan

After gathering all the required documents, it’s time to apply for the loan. Many lenders now allow you to apply online, but you can also work with a business loan broker to handle the application on your behalf. 

The broker will make sure your application is complete and submit it to lenders for approval.

Review Loan Options and Terms

Once you receive loan offers, it’s essential to review the terms and conditions carefully. Make sure you understand the interest rates, repayment schedules, and any fees associated with the loan. 

Your business loan broker in Brisbane can help you assess each option and choose the one that best fits your business needs.

Make Your Decision

After reviewing the loan options, you’ll need to make your final decision. Consider factors such as loan terms, repayment flexibility, and overall cost. Don’t be afraid to ask your broker for advice if you’re unsure about any details.

Finalise the Loan

Once you’ve chosen the right loan, it’s time to sign the agreement and receive your funds. The lender will typically disburse the loan directly to your business account. From there, you can use the funds for the purpose outlined in your loan agreement.

Repay the Loan Responsibly

After securing the loan, it’s important to keep up with your repayments. Responsible borrowing and timely repayment will improve your credit history and open up future financing opportunities.

Start Your Business Loan Journey Today!

Ready to take the next step in growing your business? At Front Row Financial Management, we’re here to guide you through every step of the business loan process. 

Contact us today to explore the best loan options for your needs and set your business up for success. 

Saving that all-important 20% deposit for a first home isn’t easy – especially given the current cost of living crunch.

In fact, the average time taken to pull together a first home deposit has now hit 10.6 years, according to CoreLogic.

But with the Home Guarantee Scheme (HGS), you may be able to buy with just a 5% deposit – without paying lenders mortgage insurance.

No wonder 193,000 first home buyers have used the HGS to get into the market since it launched in 2020.

How the Home Guarantee Scheme works

Instead of giving first home buyers a cash payment, which is (essentially) the case with the First Home Owner Grant, the HGS sees the federal government guarantee your home loan.

This can benefit first-home buyers in two ways.

First, under the HGS, lenders can let you take out a home loan with just a 5% deposit. Of course, some banks already offer this.

But if you have a deposit below 20%, you’ll usually be asked to pay lenders mortgage insurance (LMI), and that can cost many thousands of dollars.

That’s where the second upside of the HGS comes in.

Buyers using the scheme aren’t slugged with LMI, as the government acts as guarantor for your mortgage instead.

Three HGS options

The HGS is pitched at three types of buyers:

1. First Home Guarantee

The First Home Guarantee aims to help eligible first home buyers get a place of their own sooner.

In the current financial year, a total of 35,000 places are available.

2. Regional First Home Buyer Guarantee

If you’re planning to buy a first home in a regional area, the Regional First Home Buyer Guarantee could match your needs.

Only 10,000 places are up for grabs in the scheme this financial year, so reach out sooner rather than later if you’d like to explore this option.

3. The Family Home Guarantee

If you’re a single parent, the Family Home Guarantee is even more generous.

It allows eligible applicants (you don’t have to be a first home buyer) to purchase a home with as little as a 2% deposit without paying LMI.

The catch is that only 5,000 places have been made available for the 2024-25 financial year.

Why more first-home buyers are using the 5% deposit scheme

Just five years ago, around one in 10 first home buyers turned to the HGS for help buying a first home.

Today that figure is closer to one in three.

And it’s not just about rising property prices, higher interest rates or cost of living pressures.

The First Home Guarantee and the Regional First Home Buyer Guarantee have been expanded to include friends, siblings and other family members buying together, along with non-first-home buyers who haven’t owned a property in Australia in the past 10 years.

The fine print

The 5% first home buyer deposit scheme does have a few strings attached.

You will need to meet eligibility conditions.

These chiefly relate to your income and the maximum price you plan to pay for your first home – property price caps also apply.

The other thing to be aware of is that not all lenders have signed up to the HGS, so your options can be a little more limited.

Talk to us to get the ball rolling

If you’re interested in fast-tracking your path to home ownership, the 5% deposit HGS could be the solution you’ve been looking for.

Talk to us to find out if you’re eligible for the Home Guarantee Scheme – and discover the lenders that can help you get across the line.

Disclaimer: The content of this article is general in nature and is presented for informative purposes. It is not intended to constitute tax or financial advice, whether general or personal nor is it intended to imply any recommendation or opinion about a financial product. It does not take into consideration your personal situation and may not be relevant to circumstances. Before taking any action, consider your own particular circumstances and seek professional advice. This content is protected by copyright laws and various other intellectual property laws. It is not to be modified, reproduced or republished without prior written consent.

Great news for home owners – plenty of economists are tipping an RBA rate cut for February. Assuming it happens, once the celebrations have died down, what next? We explain what to expect when rates head south.

It’s been a long time between drinks for home owners celebrating a rate cut.

The last time the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) gave rates a chop was back in 2020.

But the tide may be about to turn.

A growing chorus of economists – plus banks including NAB and Westpac – are expecting a rate cut of 0.25% when the RBA board next meets on February 17-18.

Of course, nothing is set in stone.

If we do see rates head lower though, it’s worth knowing how your home loan and repayments could be impacted.

What will happen to my loan rate?

If you have a fixed-rate home loan, it’s business as usual no matter what happens to the cash rate.

Your fixed rate won’t change and neither will your required monthly repayments.

That said, if you’re coming to the end of a fixed term, it’s worth having a chat with us about your next moves once the fixed rate expires.

The real action occurs if you have a variable rate home loan.

If the RBA cuts the cash rate, your variable home loan rate should fall too.

By how much? Well, banks don’t have to follow the cash rate. And history has shown that lenders haven’t always passed on rate cuts in full.

But banks may want to avoid potential backlash, especially given the current cost-of-living climate.

That would hopefully see most lenders pass on 100% of any rate cut. So, if the RBA cuts rates by 0.25%, your home loan rate should hopefully drop by 0.25% also.

How do you find out the new rate? Your lender will get in touch to let you know.

Will my repayments change if rates fall?

Not necessarily.

Some lenders automatically reduce home loan repayments in line with rate cuts.

Other banks, however, simply maintain your repayments at the old level. It’s just that more of your money goes towards paying off the principal (rather than the interest) each month.

This can be frustrating if you’re hankering for some extra money for your family budget each month.

However, some banks take the view that by maintaining your old repayments, they’re helping you pay more off the loan and get ahead with your mortgage.

To find out if your bank is automatically dropping your monthly repayments, or if you need to request for it to happen instead, get in touch with us and we can let you know.

How much might your mortgage repayments decrease?

For an owner-occupier with a 25-year loan of $500,000 paying principal and interest, a 25 basis point rate cut means your monthly repayments could decrease by about $77 a month.

That would put $924 a year back into your family budget.

If you have a $750,000 loan, your monthly repayments would likely decrease by about $115 a month – or $1380 per year.

Meanwhile, a $1 million loan would decrease by about $154 a month – or $1848 a year.

Worried about your mortgage? Get in touch

Despite a potential rate cut on the horizon, there are still plenty of households around the country feeling the pinch of cost of living pressures and high interest rates.

If you fall into that category and haven’t had a home loan health check in a while, get in touch to see if you could be doing better on your home loan.

Some options we can help you explore include renegotiating with your current lender, refinancing to another lender, or debt consolidation.

Every household is different – we’d be more than happy to help you come up with a tailored plan for yours.

Disclaimer: The content of this article is general in nature and is presented for informative purposes. It is not intended to constitute tax or financial advice, whether general or personal nor is it intended to imply any recommendation or opinion about a financial product. It does not take into consideration your personal situation and may not be relevant to circumstances. Before taking any action, consider your own particular circumstances and seek professional advice. This content is protected by copyright laws and various other intellectual property laws. It is not to be modified, reproduced or republished without prior written consent.